Microcontroller refers to the integrated form of the CPU, input-output (I/O), and memory elements found on a computer, produced on a single chip. It is equipped with a certain number of input/output units, less memory compared to processors, converters for analog and digital operations, and units such as PWM, UART, SPI, I2C, CAN, and many more features. This method of production has reduced costs while providing users with conveniences such as design, space savings, and simplification of programming. Additionally, its low cost, less complexity compared to microprocessors, and the fact that it does not require any other component apart from an oscillator source at the place of use have enabled its use in the control of many electronic devices today.
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